Law And Ethics Healthcare Case Study - 1186 Words

Law and Ethics Healthcare Case Study: Introduction How would you feel if you went to the hospital and the staff treated you differently because of the way you looked or your social status? The phrase everyone should be treated equally is often easier said than done. Especially in the healthcare field, this is often a topic of interest. Healthcare providers are suppose to treat every patient that enters the hospital the same no matter the patient s race, religion, social class, and ethnical background. However, there are often many variables that hinder physicians from treating every patient the same such as legal factors and sometimes personal biases. Background It is not atypical for patients with no insurance or poor insurance to†¦show more content†¦His brother took him to the emergency department of a rural community hospital. After a chest x-ray, His doctor, Dr. Graham, diagnosed him with moderate congestive heart failure and cardiomegaly. Several tests later, the results showed that he also had mild aortic insufficiency, severe mitral stenosis, severe mitral regurgitation, severe pulmonary hypertension, and severe tricuspid regurgitation. After Dr. Graham stabilized him using a beta-blocker, furosemide, and warfarin, he was instructed to not return to work until he had seen a doctor at the migrant health center (Coyle, 2003). Mr. Villalobos went to the migrant health center a week later. There Dr Greene discovered that he was in mild congestive heart failure and needed a valve replacement. However, the resources at the clinic were not sufficient for his needs and since he was an undocumented immigrant, he had little hope of a ccessing the local health care system. After reading the case, it showed that Dr. Graham had downplayed how serious Mr. Villalobos condition was. Rather than explaining to the patient what all his options were, it seemed that Dr. Graham simply wanted to get him discharged as quickly as possible (Coyle, 2003). Principles and Theories In Mr. Villalobos case, there are many instances where the quality of care he received could have been improved ethically. There are four principles that are considered by many as the standardShow MoreRelatedCode Of Ethics And National And International Charters1023 Words   |  5 PagesBody paragraph – code of ethics and national and international charters. In addition to the analysis for the case study, there are code of the ethics and laws in place that health professionals such as nurses must apply, when considering what should be done for the patient at the end-of-life. According to Kerridge et al., (2013) the law and ethics are different yet interrelated, the law are compulsory regulations that health practitioners must adhere to. The code of ethics in Australia, is a guideRead MoreThe Importance Of Ethics In Nursing Practice1155 Words   |  5 Pages First of all to have an understanding of this paper, and before these cases would be analyzed, the meaning of Ethics must be understood. According to McGonigle and Mastrian (2018), â€Å"Ethics is a process of systematically examining varying viewpoints related to moral questions of right and wrong (p.78). Ethics simply means morals, the relationship between right and wrong, knowing the laws and rules governing certain acts and abiding by them, that is to say following laid down guidelines on howRead More Codes of Ethics in Health Care Essay995 Words   |  4 Pagesprovide a procedure if a code violation occurs. Medical ethics began as a professional code for physicians and has now expanded and includes a variety of health care professions and health care organizations. The growth of medical knowledge and technology have grown so have the concerns that ethical standards and issues facing our society today may be compromised or not appropriately addressed (Littleton et al., 2010). Identify Codes of Ethics Applicable in My Professional Practice I am a memberRead MoreMany In The Healthcare Profession Today Are Challenged816 Words   |  4 Pagesthe healthcare profession today are challenged with different ethical values; when it comes to healthcare provider and patient relationship. One of those ethical values is when to show mercy and no harm to those left in a health provider care. Most healthcare givers would, but what about those who are providing care in a government interrogation area? In this summarization; two valuable principles, beneficence and nonmaleficence will be discussed. Also, an in-depth analyzation of a case study of aRead MoreThe Code of Ethics for Professional Nurses Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses is a document that details how a nurse in Manitoba is expected to act regarding ethical matters (College of Registered Nurses of Manitoba, [CRNM] 2006). Ethical principles are laid out with the assumption that nurses value and respect the individuality of people (Burkhardt, Nathaniel, and Walton, 2014). This paper will examine a case study and discuss the ethical principles, values and laws that pertain to the case. The stance that the nurseRead MoreEthics And The Medical Field Using Tissue Ownership Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pagesbecoming a large public topic that lead to the creation of â€Å"do not resuscitate† orders and hospice care centers (Cassell 2000). This paper attempts to provide a better understanding of ethics and its relationship to the medical field using tissue ownership to demonstrate how bio-medical ethical debates arise. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with values concerning human conduct. These values help cultures determine what actions are appropriate and inappropriate and which motives of suchRead MoreThe Ethics And Laws Of Healthcare1234 Words   |  5 Pageslegal, and commendable. Medical professionals struggle with healthcare dilemmas that are not experienced by the general public. Medical-ethical decisions have become increasingly complicated with the advancement of medical science and technology. (Fremgen) Just like the government has laws for citizens, not having laws in healthcare would allow people to do anything they want. It is important that we study the ethics and laws of healthcare, because if we were put in a situation it is essential thatRead MoreHow Dnr Causes an Ethical Dilemma Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pages How DNR Causes an Ethical Dilemma Deann Morgan HCA 322, Health Care Ethics and Medical Law Dr. David Cole January 22, 2010 Abstract This paper will present an argument of how the process of do not resuscitate (DNR) results in an ethical dilemma for workers in the healthcare field. In presenting the argument, this paper will also address the following three course learning objectives:Read MoreLegal Case Study: 62 year old woman with skin cancer Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesLegal Case Study Following the review of a medical error about a 62-year-old woman with skin cancer who experienced wrong-site surgery I will summarize the legal and liability aspects of this case, as well as explore the legal and ethical implications of disclosing errors. In addition, I will discuss the pros and cons of having the provider disclose and empathize for the error to the patient. Finally, I will identify ways the nurse leaders can learn from this situation, help prevent similar kindsRead MoreEthical and Legal Issues in Nursing956 Words   |  4 Pagesaffiliations, all nurses should be aware about nursing laws and ethics and understand how nursing legal issues can affect them. The American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics is very influential to nurses because it is used as a framework for making ethical decisions with all aspects of health care. The foundation in any successful professional practice, are based on ethics, values, morals and principles from which the ANA Code of Ethics are formatted. Moral leadership in nursing is about professionalism

The Emergence Of Islam During The Umayyad Caliphate

The early centuries following the emergence of Islam were shrouded with numerous internal conflicts and Fitnas, particularly during the Umayyad Caliphate. With the expansion of Islam so successful, why would there be such strife among the Muslims? Possible answers lie with divisions among groups on who should rule, how he should rule and how religious doctrine was to be upheld by the amir al-muminin or â€Å"commander of the faithful.† These were prominent among all other problems of the period. The seventh and eighth centuries contain evidence demonstrating that the Muslims fought each other due to matters of revenge, caliphate succession and opposition to policy; they used tribal ethics, religious association to the prophet Muhammad and Quranic doctrine to justify such actions. The first Fitna or civil war among Muslims may have been the Battle of Camel in 656 in which Caliph Ali b. Abi Talib and his supports from Kufa faced off against Al-Zubayr b. Awwam, the prophetâ€℠¢s widow Aisha and Talha b. Ubayd Allah near Basra. The latter sought to eliminate the threat of Ali to the continuation of Quraysh rule after Uthman’s assassination. While this dissenting coalition in favor of Al-Zubayr was reactionary to Ali’s rule after Uthman’s death, it was motivated by the desire of the Quraysh to retain political control rather than avenge the late Caliph’s murder. The notion of revenge was left to the governor of Syria, Mu’awiya. He was a member of the Umayyad clan who adopted theShow MoreRelatedRise Of The Islamic Empire Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pagesreceived his â€Å"call† which is the message from God carried by the angel Gabriel to deliver the truth about God to his people. Prophet Muhammad PBUH, died in the year 632 C due to fever after that the Umma was in the hands of the Caliphate, which was then passed the Umma to the Umayyad. Death of the prophet which and the wealth of later â€Å"Islamic† dyna sties are the reasons for the rise of an Islamic empire. The prophet PBUH was not only a prophet but also the leader of the Muslim Umma which comes withRead MoreModel Essay Comparison Essay Post-Classical Civilizations1304 Words   |  6 Pagesreasons for this that ranged from rise of religion to the re-organization of political structures. During the time frame 500 CE to 1200 CE the Middle East and Europe both experienced this post-classical rise and had many similarities and differences among the factors that led to this, particularly in the areas of religion (similarities in rise, differences in spread and role of Christianity and Islam), trade (similarities in rebirth of commerce and rise of new economic systems) and political structureRead MorePolitical Instability And Civil Wars3012 Words   |  13 PagesINTRODUCTION Political instability and civil wars in the Middle East have resulted in a rise of violent extremist groups calling for the revival of a ‘Caliphate’ across the Muslim world. In June 2014, a violent extremist group captured and controlled around one third of Syria and Iraq and called itself the ‘Islamic State’ –its leader proclaimed himself to be the ‘caliph’ of all Muslims and has gained new currency in the media and public discourses, both in the west and in the Muslim world. TheRead MoreI INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION The impact of the dark ages had a1000 Words   |  4 Pagesapart. It was a time when the emergence of new civilizations lead to conflict. â€Å"Invasions† of entire peoples and military expeditions were the largest contributors of these conflicts. Since there were no taxes it left no one to defend against this tyranny. The during this time the plague was breaking out in Constantinople as well. The fall of Rome was from constant conflict with barbarians, this during the migration period variousRead MoreEssay about Americas Involvement in the Soviet Afghan War3133 Words   |  13 PagesAdministration, which decided on another course of action - to actively support the anti-Soviet Mujahideen â€Å"freedom - fighters† in Afghanistan and help protect the Middle Eastern oil fields. This American involvement in the Soviet Afghan war has led to the emergence of Al-Qaeda and the September 11th attacks. On December 24th 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. On that day began a war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan for 10 long years. The Soviets stormed in with thousandsRead MoreComparing Theories of Government in England and the Ottoman Empire2189 Words   |  9 Pageshad been a part and desired to be free. In an interesting turn of events many aspects of Byzantine rule were incorporated by the Ottoman. Famine and flood had affected Western Europe, including England. England and France were in and out of war during their first century and the 100 Year War the second century of their empire. The mid 14th century was the time of the Black Death where populations throughout the known world, particularly the Christian world, had been decimated. Add to these thatRead MoreRise and Decline of the Muslim Ummah9373 Words   |  38 Pagesastounding picture. On one hand, the process of decline and deterioration reached its lowest ebb in the events of 1967 and 1971. On the other hand, there was also a widespread movement towards revival and the beginning of a process of renewal. It commenced during the years 1920-1925. For the past fifty years these concurrent trends of degeneration and revival continued side by side almost in the manner depicted in the Qur an. He has let free the two bodies of flowing water, meeth~gtogether. Between themRead MoreIslamic Textile History3202 Words   |  13 Pagesworks, religous or secular, produced in Egypt, Syria, Iran and Anatolia from the seventh century. Dispite the facts that Asian countries like Pakistan or Indonesia are Islamic their textile production is not considered Islamic by convention. Before Islam Textiles were manufactured and exchanged in Iran, Egypt and the middle east much before the birth of Muhammad in the 7th century. It has been proven that there was some kind of commercial exchange between China, Egypt and the Roman Empire . Silk comingRead More Religion and Cultural Identity Essays5058 Words   |  21 PagesReligion and Cultural Identity Is it possible to be a Muslim without believing the validity of the prophecies of Mohammed? Is it possible to be a Christian without believing in the resurrection of Jesus? My definition of religion transformed greatly during my studies the past few months. Even as a religion major at St. Olaf College I thought of religion very narrowly, as a construct of metaphysical beliefs. But Ive come to realize that religion runs far deeper than my Lutheran mind previously conceived

Should Animals Be Used for Scientific Research or Testing Free Essays

Should animals be used for scientific research or testing? Agli Panci Instructor: Eva Prifti Course: Composition I Time: Thursday, 15:00-18:00 From the early time humans survival was depended on animals, either as food or for transporting. Today we are using animals for a new kind of survival, we are using them for testing and experimenting medicines that we need for different diseases. All along this time, this experiments has helped a lot for discovering of new kind of diseases and medicine to cure them. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Animals Be Used for Scientific Research or Testing? or any similar topic only for you Order Now I think that stopping of this experiments will bring limitation in scientific progress. However there are o lots of organization that try to protect animal rights but anyway for the moment is the only what that we have to test and experiment new way curing new or existing deceases. Although that many organization of animal rights think that animals should not used in medical research data shows that there are a lots of medications that we use today are invented due to animal research, because there are some animals who have similar body functions with humans. Reducing the human suffering as much as we can must be our firs priority, and then our second priority must be reducing of animal suffering or death. Is not the same as using humans and animals in medical research for discovering new diseases that my affect both animals and human beings, in this case we must use animals for research so we avoid human suffering as much as we can and after that our priority should be animals. For death bringers deceases like HIV or different tumors we need to do experimenting and tests with animals because it is the mos efficient way to find new ways to cure without having human suffering. Regarding to the second part that says that we must do our best to have the minimum of animal suffering has to a lot with ethics of the scientists that are doing this experiments. Regarding a survey conducted in the American Medical Association show that 99% of all active physicians in the U. S think that animal testing is the only way yo medical advancements. With today technology we can keep animal suffering in the absolute minimum. We can use anesthetics to minimize the suffering. Also to reduce animal suffering can be done by keeping them comfortable and in clean and healthy environment conditions. In other words is clearly possible to use animals in research without being cruel to them. New technologies of scanning that exist today like magnetic resonance, which make possible for doctors to learn about a certain disease from animals without making them suffer. According to studies there are thousands of death bringers diseases that are discovered from 1600’s to 1990’s due to animal experimentation. According to Animal Use and Abuse Statistics, more than 25 million vertebrate animals are used annually, and the number of invertebrates may extend to billions in United States. Above the scientific ethics of the scientist is the technology that is available to him, so our part is to do our best to avoid not needed hurting or testing. So we must take our benefits from this experiments but also to protect this animals from death. According to the US based, Foundation for Biomedical Research: â€Å"Animal research has played a vital role in virtually every major medical advance of the last century – for both human and veterinary health. From antibiotics to blood transfusions, from dialysis to organ transplantation, from vaccinations to chemotherapy, bypass surgery and joint replacement, practically every present-day protocol for the prevention, treatment, cure and control of disease, pain and suffering is based on knowledge attained through research with lab animals. Humans genes are 99% like chimpanzees, and many other basic functions like eating, seeing, smelling are in humans like in animals. As a result of this similarity , the feedback of these animals are a very good guide to possible reactions of human patients. It is very possible that humans and animals can get o lot of the same diseases, because of this we can make the research in animals and test new medicines in them firs and after this we can produce for humans. As we know from the theory of evolution animals feel pain and pleasure,because we share with them our emotions. So the people using animals for experimenting or different purposes should treat them with respect. Also the purposes for witch they are used should be legitimate. The groups defending animals have tried to distort the truth about what animals are used for. They refuse the fact that these researchers are important and declaim that animals shouldn’t be used for any reason. They argue that medical community doesn’t support the fact that animals are used in research and it is obvious that it isn’t the truth. Besides the modern technology used in animal testing not all the experiments finish successfully and millions of animals die each year. Another point is that there are a lots of medicines that are tested in animals but they have side-effects in humans. So this kind of experiments bring suffering and deaths in both sides, in animals and in humans. Because different species reaction differently on different medicines. Animal rights organization have tried to dis inform public about the different fact in animal research. They do not accept the fact that use of animal in research has given a very useful contribution in curing different diseases. Today about 95% of U. S medical schools do not use animals to experiment new medicines or for testing purposes. They are trained using the human stimulation that the today technologies can offer and doing didactic work. While there are trying to find other ways to animal testing and experimenting, what the best scientist can do for now is try to reduce the number of animals being tested. They are using modern technologies and new types of scanning to see the animal organism so they don’t actually need to apply surgery. Though it is hard to completely stop the animal resting, what we can to is prevent unnecessary tests by stopping certain products that don’t require animal experimenting. In order that the pathogenesis of different diseases could be studied,doctors need animal experimentation as the only way at te current level of knowledge ,and it undertakes drug trials,vaccines to alleviate suffering for human and animals. To conclude, humans must try can to reduce the number of animals being harmed in these experiments aimed at benefiting society. References Cook, K. (2006, March 29). Facts about Animal Research . Message posted to http://www. pro-test. org. uk/2006/03/facts-about-animal-research. html PETA. Animal Testing Is Bad Science: Point/Counterpoint. Retrived from http://www. peta. org Research Animal Resources. Ethics and Alternatieves. Retrived from http://www. ahc. umn. edu University of Georgia. Animals Used in Experiments. Retrived from http://www. uga. edu How to cite Should Animals Be Used for Scientific Research or Testing?, Essays

Employee Retention and Encouraging Leaders

Question: Discuss about the Employee Retention and Encouraging Leaders. Answer: Introduction: Employee retention and encouraging the future leaders are crucial for the commercial organizations in regards to ensuring commendable productivity, customer satisfaction, low operational cost, positive brand image and sustainable business opportunities. Hence, the modern companies largely focus on is HRM policy that promotes the strategy of employee reward and training and development. As discussed by Miner (2013), the strategy of providing tangible and intangible rewards for recognizing the contribution of the employees helps the management in encouraging the motivation level of the employees. On the other hand, training helps in increasing the competency of the employees which serves in professional growth of the employee and productivity of the company. As discussed by Rowley and McMurtrey (2016), depending on the operational and service pattern, this employee reward program may vary. For the successful completion of this essay, the author has chosen the internationally popular fast food restaurant chain McDonalds. Based on the case study of McDonalds the author has explored the answers of three questions related to the employee reward and retention policy of McDonalds and the applicability of those policy to a different organizational set up (Spastic Centre). Finally, the author has concluded the essay with the summery of the discussion. Discuss how the recognition scheme supports McDonald's culture and attracts future leaders? As discussed by McFarlane (2015), recognising the employees contribution with the tangible and intangible awards helps the companies to obtain employee motivation and retain the talents within the organization. The organizational mission of McDonalds includes the objective of being best employer for its employees in each community around the world. Hence, the organizational culture of the company puts emphasise on human resource development and efficiency (Qureshi Hassan, 2013). McDonalds has the prioritization for People-Centricity and Individual Learning. The organizational culture of McDonalds prioritizes the needs of the employees. The tangible and intangible needs of the employees and supported with various HRM strategies. On the other hand, the organizational culture supports individual learning for increasing efficiency, productivity and the professional growth of the employee himself (Xu, 2014). In the context of McDonalds the management of the company largely depends upon the strategy of providing tangible rewards to the employees for maintaining their motivation and commitment. As mentioned in the company website, McDonalds depends on retaining the talents with lucrative salary packaging (McDonald's Australia, 2017). The company follows a pay for performance philosophy (McFarlane, 2015). The company has opted for a competitive salary in the industry, which is complemented with extra reward for overtime. On the other hand, the company has a strategy of short term incentives which is variable, at-risk portion of cash compensation one can earn each year (McDonald's Australia, 2017). The company also follows a recognition program that is designed to reward and recognize the strong performers and encourage them to be the next leaders. It includes the Presidents' Award that is given to the highest 1% of the individual performers globally and the Circle of Excellence Award, that is given to the best performing teams globally to recognize their contribution for advancing the organizational performance (Rowley McMurtrey, 2016). Moreover, the company follows the company car program. In this policy the eligible employees are provided with cars for personal and professional use. The program provides the scope of chose, car and related insurance, maintenance and repair benefits. All these tangible reward strategies support the culture of People-Centricity of McDonalds. On the other hand, as mentioned by Mukerjee (2014), good salary structure and additional benefits help the companies to attract eligible and talented employees. Moreover, with a lucrative and competitive salary, the companies become able to retain its old employee base. The company largely believes on improving the skill set of the employees with the professional trainings. Moreover, the company believes in constant skill development of the employees which is helpful for the company as well as the employees. As discussed by Mahajan (2014), the company provides training and development at all levels to assist the employees to enhance their skill set, grow in their current position or promote to a new role in the company. According to the case study provided, a national crew opinion survey has identified that the managers has a favourable attitude regarding McDonalds as an employer (Lockyer, 2013). They find it an attractive workplace as it provides a growth opportunity with its professional and leadership training (Talwar Thakur, 2016). Through the Hamburger University, the company provides training on restaurant operations procedures, service, quality and cleanliness (McDonald's Australia, 2017). With the help of lab activities and e-learning, the company makes its employees capable of operating a high end restaurant with success. On the other hand, in the leadership training, the company provides training to all level of employees for career development. With the components like career planning, Individual Development plans, career maps, succession planning, and learning activities the company strives to create future leaders for the organization (McDonald's Australia, 2017). All these personal and career development opportunities attract the ambitious employees to work with McDonalds. It provides them the assurance that these personal training sessions will be helpful in encouraging their leadership qualities which will be rewarded by the company. In the context of McDonalds Australia, the company invests more than $40 million for employee training (Nadolny Ryan, 2015). It organizes programs like Crew Recognition program for recognizing the contribution of the high performing staffs. The eligible staffs are awarded with gift vouchers or discount cards in front of the colleagues or in the staff meetings (McDonald's Australia, 2017). The achievers are named in the monthly staff magazine of McDonalds as well. Discuss which theory (ies) you think would support McDonald's recognition scheme?- As mentioned by Miner (2015), the basics of human resource management and employee reward system in an organizational set up can largely be supported by a number of employee motivation theories. The content and process theories ideate what and how motivation can be achieved from the employees (Parker, 2014). As per the motivation theory of Fredrick Herzberg, a good salary structure can be identified as a hygiene factor in the employee motivation and retention (L?z?roiu, 2015). According to this particular theory, a good salary structure is needed to maintain a general satisfaction level among the employees. As mentioned by Pinder (2014), the salary structure does not necessarily creates motivation among the employees, however, it is needed to prevent dissatisfaction among the employees. However, as discussed by Shields et al. (2015), Herzberg has identified the provisions of recognition and advancement both is the motivating factors for employee motivation. Hence, the strategy of pay for performance or the rewards like Presidents' Award, Circle of Excellence Award, gift voucher etc. can be identified as motivators for the employees. On the other hand, as mentioned in the most celebrated motivation theory Maslows hierarchy ladder, the assurance of a good salary structure is a physiological need of the employees. As identified by Miner (2013), it is the most basic need of an employee. For ensuring satisfaction and retain the employee the management must provide a good salary structure. Here. McDonalds is addressing the basic need of the employees by providing a lucrative salary structure and additional tangible benefits. On the other hand, the provision of providing awards like gift voucher, presidents awards or the mentioning of the name in the monthly magazine serve as the esteem motivators in the model of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Moreover, the policy of training for the employees plays a significant role in ensuring the employee motivation and retaining them in the organization. This strategy of training has a theoretical base in maintaining employees motivation to work for their professional growth which is helpful in ensuring organizational success. As mentioned by Yamuna and Devi (2016), the expectancy theory of motivation is effective in this regard. This theory states that the expectancy, instrumentality and valance acts as the force or motivation for performance within the employees. As mentioned by Quested et al. (2016), the idea of expectancy is the belief that putting effort for increasing the personal productivity will obtain a desired level of success, whereas instrumentality states that a successful performance will be rewarded by the company and the valance is the value a person assigns to the reward. Now, the companies can opt for a policy of promotion or other rewards for the good performers. O n the other hand, the management needs to provide a scope to the employees to enhance their skill level which would be helpful in increase their performance and grab the performance reward. Thus, the expectancy theory states that the companies need to provide training opportunities which an allure of rewards for better performance. As opined by Miner (2013), in the expectancy the employees make an expectation and a level of confidence about what they are capable of. Here, the management has to discover and provide resources, trainings and supervision for the skill enhancement among the employees. It creates a sense of satisfaction among the employees and the idea of instrumentality pushes them forward to achieve the reward. Here, McDonalds is using this strategy of providing professional trainings to the employees for career development. In this context of McDonald's recognition scheme, the ERG theory of employee motivation can also be discussed. As mentioned by Findsrud, Tronvoll and Edvardsson (2016), Alderfers ERG theory has explained that the people have the need of Existence, Relatedness and Growth. Existence refers to the concern with the basic materials for existence requirements. Here, competitive salary structure of McDonalds satisfies this need of the employees. On the other hand, as mentioned by Lee and Raschke (2016), Growth can be identified as the highest level of need among the human beings. This Growth refers to an intrinsic desire for personal development. The training and development scheme obtained by McDonalds can be identified as an appropriate tool for satisfying this need of personal development. With the help of training facilities the employees become able to improve their skill set and get higher level of responsibility which serves as a sense of personal satisfaction (Yamuna Devi, 2016). Last but not the least, David McClellands learned need theory can also be mentioned in this regard. As discussed by Lee and Raschke (2016), this theory of learned need has identified the major needs those provide motivation in the workplace. These are: Need for achievement, Need for power, Need for Competence and Need for affiliation. McDonalds have addressed almost all these needs with its human resource management program. The performance goals help in satisfying the need for achievement, the provision of leadership endorsement and internal promotion satisfies the need for power. The integrated approach towards employee trainings helps in satisfying the need for competence and the organizational culture of people centricity and cooperation helps McDonalds in satisfying the need for affiliation among the employees. Hence, it can be noted that the company is utilizing various theoretical approaches in actualizing its need of employee satisfaction and motivation. Would McDonald's approach to managing human resources be directly applicable in a not-for-profit organisation such as the Spastic Centre? Justify your answer. The Spastic Centre of Australia has already used this strategy of salary packaging of McDonalds. As mentioned by Miner (2013), offering competitive salary package is essential for reducing the employee turnover. McDonalds and the Spastic Centre have already used it. This non-profit organization is allowed to offer up to $16,500 per year in salary sacrificed expenses on anything, it includes a meal entertainment allowance as well. This particular organization is using this strategy of salary packaging for more than twelve year, which is an evidence of its success in a not-for-profit organisation as well. In the context of the non-profit organizations, employee turnover rate is substantially higher than the profit making organizations. As mentioned by Lee and Raschke (2016), the poor salary and lack of employee benefits are the major reasons for the huge employee turnover rate in the NGO sector. Moreover, a very few organizations provide the chance of professional trainings for uplifting the faculty of the employees which would be helpful in professional growth of the employees (Miner, 2013). This lack of opportunity for professional growth often drives the employees for opting for switching their career options. Spastic Centre has not wholly imitated the McDonald's approach of managing human resources, as they do not have the provision of uplifting the employee capabilities with trainings, which is largely important for a non profit organization. Hence, it can be said that the McDonald's approach of managing human resources ca directly be applicable to the non profit organizations. As mentioned by Yamuna and Devi (2016), a competitive salary will restrict a sense of frustration among them, and packaged services (like accommodation, food, tax relaxations, health benefits, organization provided transportation services and many others) will be helpful in providing a sense of satisfaction among the employees. With the help of employee training provision, like McDonalds the non profit organizations will also be able to uphold a culture of leadership promotion. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that the employee recognition scheme is largely influential in ensuring operational smoothness and employee satisfaction and commitment. By providing attractive salary package coupled with tangible facilities and training provisions, the organizations can become able to attract and retain talents within the organizations. A number of scholastic theories on employee motivation have supported the provision of high salary packaging and the strategy of employee benefits for ensuring employee satisfaction and retention. McDonalds Australia is strategically using the employee recognition scheme and the training provisions for supporting the culture of the company, i.e. leadership promotion. The contribution recognition scheme of the company is helping it to encourage the employees to make increased contribution to the organizational productivity. On the other hand, the employee training schemes help the company to increase the faculty and capability of the emp loyees so that they can be utilized for better organizational productivity and advanced job roles. This serves as a motivating and satisfactory factor for the employees who are ambitious enough to opt for a leadership goal. Thus, the human resource management policy of McDonalds serves reciprocally for employee motivation and organizational benefit. References: Findsrud, R., Tronvoll, B., Edvardsson, B. (2016). Conceptualizing resource integration in value co-creation using theories of motivation. Tiziana Russo-Spenaand Cristina Mele, 165. L?z?roiu, G. (2015). Employee Motivation and Job Performance. Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, (14), 97-102. Lee, M. T., Raschke, R. L. (2016). Understanding employee motivation and organizational performance: arguments for a set-theoretic approach. Journal of Innovation Knowledge, 1(3), 162-169. Lockyer, C. (2013). Working for McDonalds in Europe. The Unequal Struggle. Employee Relations. Mahajan, S. (2014). Competitive advantage through training and development in Mcdonald's: a case study. International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering, 4(10), 403-417. McDonald's Australia. (2017). Mcdonalds.com.au. Retrieved 6 February 2017, from https://mcdonalds.com.au McFarlane, D. A. (2015). Gaps in Executive and Worker Compensation as an Organizational and Management Challenge. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation, 2(1), 1-15. Miner, J. B. (2013). The role motivation theories of organizational leadership. In Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition (pp. 365-394). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Miner, J. B. (2015). Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Mukerjee, K. (2014). Fostering employee engagement in organisations: a conceptual framework. International Journal of Management Practice, 7(2), 160-176. Nadolny, A., Ryan, S. (2015). McUniversities revisited: a comparison of university and McDonald's casual employee experiences in Australia. Studies in Higher Education, 40(1), 142-157. Parker, S. K. (2014). Beyond motivation: Job and work design for development, health, ambidexterity, and more. Annual review of psychology, 65, 661-691. Pinder, C. C. (2014). Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Quested, E., Ntoumanis, N., Thgersen-Ntumani, C., Hagger, M., Hancox, J. (2016). Evaluating quality of implementation in physical activity interventions based on theories of motivation. Qureshi, A., Hassan, M. (2013). Impact of performance management on the organisational performance: An analytical investigation of the business model of McDonalds. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(5), 54. Rowley, B., McMurtrey, M. E. (2016). McDonald's and the Triple Bottom Line: A Case Study of Corporate Sustainability. Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability, 11(1), 33. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015). Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Talwar, E., Thakur, M. (2016). Training and Development and its Impact on Employee Performance. We'Ken-International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 18-27. Xu, Y. (2014). Understanding CSR from the perspective of Chinese diners: the case of McDonalds. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(6), 1002-1020. Yamuna, G., Devi, R. J. (2016). Motivation Theories Applied for Increasing Employee Performance at Work Place-Case study Review. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(11).